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[66] Programs that were developed there became a model for the new field of social work. Greyhound Lines provides inter-city bus service to and from the city, and Chicago is also the hub for the Midwest network of Megabus (North America). In Illinois, 60% of guns that turn up at crime scenes are traced to sources outside the state. Recently, the city began installing wind turbines on government buildings to promote renewable energy.[339][340][341]. Chicago State has a long standing history spanning, Chicago State is deep and broad in its offerings spanning over, CSU’s Provost Testifies at House Ways & Means Subcommittee Hearing on Impact of Health Profession Opportunity Grants. [175][176], Chicago became a "de jure" sanctuary city in 2012 when Mayor Rahm Emanuel and the City Council passed the Welcoming City Ordinance. [38][39][40], On August 12, 1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. An attempt was made in the early 20th century to link Chicago with New York City via the Chicago – New York Electric Air Line Railroad. The historic Chicago Cultural Center (1897), originally serving as the Chicago Public Library, now houses the city's Visitor Information Center, galleries and exhibit halls. [55][56][57] Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact,[58] and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone. Ten years later, he became the secretary and then the president of the first Illinois State Board of Health, which carried out most of its activities in Chicago.[69]. Chicago Fire FC is a member of Major League Soccer (MLS) and plays at Soldier Field. The Cubs are the oldest Major League Baseball team to have never changed their city;[248] they have played in Chicago since 1871, and continuously so since 1874 due to the Great Chicago Fire. The challenge for early writers was that Chicago was a frontier outpost that transformed into a global metropolis in the span of two generations. [198] The city of Chicago also hosts 12 Fortune Global 500 companies and 17 Financial Times 500 companies. Chicago's 58 million tourist visitors in 2018 set a new record,[19][20] and Chicago has been voted the best large city in the U.S. for four years in a row by Condé Nast Traveler. In 1900, the problem of sewage contamination was largely resolved when the city completed a major engineering feat. From the last two decades of the 19th century, Chicago was the destination of waves of immigrants from Ireland, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe, including Italians, Jews, Poles, Greeks, Lithuanians, Bulgarians, Albanians, Romanians, Turkish, Croatians, Serbs, Bosnians, Montenegrins and Czechs. Late in the 19th century, Chicago was part of the bicycle craze, with the Western Wheel Company, which introduced stamping to the production process and significantly reduced costs,[203] while early in the 20th century, the city was part of the automobile revolution, hosting the Brass Era car builder Bugmobile, which was founded there in 1907. In 1885, the first steel-framed high-rise building, the Home Insurance Building, rose in the city as Chicago ushered in the skyscraper era,[62] which would then be followed by many other cities around the world. Civil and criminal law cases are heard in the Cook County Circuit Court of the State of Illinois court system, or in the Northern District of Illinois, in the federal system. The ceiling of its Preston Bradley Hall includes a 38-foot (12 m) Tiffany glass dome. Natural gas is provided by Peoples Gas, a subsidiary of Integrys Energy Group, which is headquartered in Chicago. During its first hundred years, Chicago was one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. [162] A large number of blacks also settled on the West Side. ... Sign up for Illinois State News. [100], Chicago is located in northeastern Illinois on the southwestern shores of freshwater Lake Michigan. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. [93] Washington was succeeded by 6th ward Alderman Eugene Sawyer, who was elected by the Chicago City Council and served until a special election. Parts of this were built, but it was never completed. The organization, formed in 1924, was called the Society for Human Rights. student government and study abroad programs. Over one-third of the workers in Chicago's manufacturing sector were unionized. Du Sable was of African and French descent, born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti), and arrived in the 1780s. While the genre was pioneered by Throbbing Gristle in the late 70s, the genre was largely started in the United Kingdom, with the Chicago-based record label Wax Trax! The aldermanic, mayoral, and other city offices are filled through nonpartisan elections with runoffs as needed. [86], On December 2, 1942, physicist Enrico Fermi conducted the world's first controlled nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. Former CW affiliate WGN-TV 9, which is owned by the Tribune Media, is carried with some programming differences, as "WGN America" on cable and satellite TV nationwide and in parts of the Caribbean. The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the most recognized basketball teams in the world. With berths for more than 6,000 boats, the Chicago Park District operates the nation's largest municipal harbor system. Chicago has 28 sister cities around the world. [350], Former: Evanston After successfully running for re-election five times, and becoming Chicago's longest-serving mayor, Richard M. Daley declined to run for a seventh term. The Obamas' residence is located near the University of Chicago in Kenwood on the city's south side. Gordon, Matthew J. She was notable for temporarily moving into the crime-ridden Cabrini-Green housing project and for leading Chicago's school system out of a financial crisis.[92]. As new additions to the city were platted, city ordinance required them to be laid out with eight streets to the mile in one direction and sixteen in the other direction (about one street per 200 meters in one direction and one street per 100 meters in the other direction). Prominent Latino cultural attractions found here include Humboldt Park's Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and Culture and the annual Puerto Rican People's Parade, as well as the National Museum of Mexican Art and St. Adalbert's Church in Pilsen. Well-known chefs who have had restaurants in Chicago include: Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless. Finally, two fountains near the Loop also function as monumental works of art: Plensa's Crown Fountain as well as Burnham and Bennett's Buckingham Fountain. [110], Major sections of the city include the central business district, called The Loop, and the North, South, and West Sides. These meetings are completely open to the public. After playing its first eight seasons at Soldier Field, the team moved to suburban Bridgeview to play at SeatGeek Stadium. Origin of Chicago's "Windy City" nickname, List of companies in the Chicago metropolitan area, List of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago, Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and Culture, Chicago's large Polish speaking population, University of Chicago Cultural Policy Center, DuSable Museum of African American History, National Register of Historic Places listings in South Side Chicago, Northside College Preparatory High School, List of colleges and universities in Chicago, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago – New York Electric Air Line Railroad, Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program, University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, List of diplomatic missions and trade organizations in Chicago, second-most populous city or second-most influential city, National Register of Historic Places listings in Central Chicago, National Register of Historic Places listings in North Side Chicago, National Register of Historic Places listings in West Side Chicago, "Metro/Micro Area Population Totals Tables: 2010–2016", American Community Survey 1-year estimates. Concern for social problems among Chicago's immigrant poor led Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr to found Hull House in 1889. The Puerto Rican-influenced jibarito is a sandwich made with flattened, fried green plantains instead of bread. The central element of the Port District, Calumet Harbor, is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. [133] A number of Chicago's public art works are by modern figurative artists. [147] Like other major cities, Chicago experiences an urban heat island, making the city and its suburbs milder than surrounding rural areas, especially at night and in winter. [255] The Fire have won one league title and four U.S. Open Cups, since their founding in 1997. Chicago contains a number of large, outdoor works by well-known artists. The Kennedy and Dan Ryan Expressways are the busiest state maintained routes in the entire state of Illinois.[321]. Illinois Republicans unhappy at the influence the Democrat-controlled city of Chicago holds over the state are looking at trying to blow the Windy City out of the state altogether. Other notable shows include CBS's The Good Wife and Mike and Molly. As of the 2010 census,[171] there were 2,695,598 people with 1,045,560 households living in Chicago. [134], There are preliminary plans to erect a 1:1‑scale replica of Wacław Szymanowski's Art Nouveau statue of Frédéric Chopin found in Warsaw's Royal Baths along Chicago's lakefront in addition to a different sculpture commemorating the artist in Chopin Park for the 200th anniversary of Frédéric Chopin's birth. The proximity to Lake Michigan tends to keep the Chicago lakefront somewhat cooler in summer and less brutally cold in winter than inland parts of the city and suburbs away from the lake. The Willis Tower has an observation deck open to tourists year round with high up views overlooking Chicago and Lake Michigan. There are 31 sand beaches, a plethora of museums, two world-class conservatories, and 50 nature areas. In 1968 and 1969, members of the Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced bizarre representational paintings. In 1893, Chicago hosted the World's Columbian Exposition on former marshland at the present location of Jackson Park. (formerly ImprovOlympic). [319], The city of Chicago has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) coordinates the operation of the three service boards: CTA, Metra, and Pace. The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District). There are over 6,000 units of government (for example city, township, county, etc.) The magazine was instrumental in launching the Imagist and Objectivist poetic movements. [294], As of 2021, Chicago has become the American city with the highest number of carjackings. Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for US president at the 1860 Republican National Convention, which was held in Chicago in a temporary building called the Wigwam. ", Appendix C: Regional Freight Transportation Profiles, "Preliminary Traffic Results for 2005 Show Firm Rebound (March 14, 2006)", "Top IDOT official says third airport will be built", "What really happens to Chicago's blue cart recycling? [325], In May 2019, The City of Chicago announced its Chicago's Electric Shared Scooter Pilot Program, scheduled to run from June 15 to October 15. [96], On February 23, 2011, former Illinois Congressman and White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel won the mayoral election. [179], According to the 2008–2012 American Community Survey, the ancestral groups having 10,000 or more persons in Chicago were:[180], Persons identifying themselves as "Other groups" were classified at 1.72 million, and unclassified or not reported were approximately 153,000. The Illinois Constitution prohibits governments from doing anything that could cause retirement benefits for government workers to be "diminished or impaired." In the 1850s, Chicago gained national political prominence as the home of Senator Stephen Douglas, the champion of the Kansas–Nebraska Act and the "popular sovereignty" approach to the issue of the spread of slavery. [73][74] The University of Chicago, formerly at another location, moved to the same South Side location in 1892. [89], Two years later, the city hosted the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention, which featured physical confrontations both inside and outside the convention hall, with anti-war protesters, journalists and bystanders being beaten by police. The team was founded before the 2006 WNBA season began. The Blackhawks have won six Stanley Cups, including in 2010, 2013, and 2015. Many additional diagonal streets were recommended in the Plan of Chicago, but only the extension of Ogden Avenue was ever constructed. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn. [111] The three sides of the city are represented on the Flag of Chicago by three horizontal white stripes. [97] Emanuel was sworn in as mayor on May 16, 2011, and won re-election in 2015. The racial composition of the city was: Chicago has a Hispanic or Latino population of 28.9%. [15] The region also has the largest number of federal highways and is the nation's railroad hub. [184] In 2014 the Catholic Church was the largest individual Christian domination (34%), with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago being the largest Catholic jurisdiction.

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